Online spaces are when many kids learn, play, and connect, but they’re also where predators operate. Social media platforms, online games, livestreams, and messaging apps offer an alarming amount of access to children. While public awareness of online grooming has grown, fewer people understand how calculated, persistent, and psychologically manipulative this abuse has become and how it’s evolving.
Where grooming happens
Predators don’t confine themselves to one platform. Instead, they bounce from one digital space to the next, including:
- Social media: Where direct messages, comments, and disappearing content allow for private communication
- Online gaming: Especially multiplayer games with chat, private servers, or guilds
- Livestreaming: Which can feel informal and harder to monitor
- Messaging apps: Connected to games or social media accounts
What makes these spaces appealing to predators is not just the access, but the anonymity, trust-building capability, and option to move conversations out of public view.
How predators build trust
Online grooming is a process designed to gain a child’s trust, lower boundaries, and establish control.
Common stages include:
- Targeting: Predators look for kids who may appear lonely, vulnerable, or excited to connect.
- Relationship building: They offer attention, compliments, emotional validation, or shared interests.
- Isolation: Conversations move to private chats or secret servers, often with requests for secrecy.
- Desensitization: Sexual jokes, questions, or images are gradually introduced to normalize inappropriate behavior.
- Coercion and control: Predators may use guilt, threats, or shame to maintain access and keep the child quiet.
Kids often don’t understand what is happening until they feel trapped, emotionally or psychologically.
Tactics used
Predators adapt their tactics to match the platform and the child’s interest, including:
- Pretending to be another kid
- Offering in-game currency, skins, or help advancing in a game
- Encouraging secrecy or framing the relationship as “special” or “private”
- Using disappearing messages or encrypted platforms
- Slowly introducing sexual content disguised as jokes or curiosity
The rise of sadistic online exploitation
Experts are increasingly alarmed by a rise in sadistic online exploitation, a form of abuse in which predators target kids online and pressure them to self-harm, share explicit content, or force them to record or livestream acts of harm against themselves or others to later be used as blackmail.
“We are seeing a troubling shift where the abuse itself is the reward. Sadistic online exploitation is particularly dangerous because it erodes a child’s sense of safety, identity, and self-worth, usually long before anyone realizes what’s happening,” says Childhelp Vice President of Growth and Prevention Dr. Stacy Vaughan.
This form of exploitation often escalates quickly and can have severe, long-lasting mental health consequences, Vaughan notes.
Warning signs
While every child responds differently, warning signs of online grooming or exploitation may include:
- Sudden secrecy around devices or online activity
- Emotional distress connected to being online
- Withdrawal from family or friends
- Receiving gifts, digital items, or money from unknown sources
- Fear, shame, or panic when messages or notifications appear
What parents and caregivers can do
Prevention starts with connection, not surveillance. Steps families can take:
- Have ongoing, age-appropriate conversations about online safety
- Let kids know they can talk without fear, punishment, or blame
- Set clear expectations around online behavior and privacy
- Know how and where to report concerning behavior
Online grooming and exploitation are never a child’s fault. Support is available for kids, parents, and those who are concerned or in crisis.
Turning awareness into action
To meet the growing need for prevention-focused education, Childhelp, in partnership with Meta, launched the Staying Safe from Online Harm module on Safer Internet Day in February 2025.
In its first year, the free module has been accessed more than 30,000 times, reaching visitors in all 50 U.S. states and 40 countries.
Educators, caregivers, and advocates who use the curriculum report plans to reach more than 1.5 million children within one year, primarily in schools, as well as homes, child advocacy centers, and before- and after-school programs. Those teaching the material include school counselors and social workers, teachers, parents and caregivers, and other youth-serving professionals.
To mark the module’s one-year anniversary, and ensure it continues to evolve alongside emerging online risks, new updates include:
- A sixth animated video focused on preventing peer-to-peer perpetration, joining five award-winning videos already included in the module
- A comprehensive standards alignment document mapping lesson materials to:
- Common Core State Standards (Literacy)
- American School Counselor Association Mindsets & Behaviors for Student Success
- National Health Education Standards
- Cybersecurity Learning Standards
If you believe a child may be at risk or needs support, contact the Childhelp National Child Abuse Hotline at 1-800-4-A-CHILD or visit childhelp.org.
